Zanzibar is increasingly experiencing extreme weather events, including intense rainfall, flooding, and coastal erosion, largely driven by climate change and rapid urbanization.

Recent Extreme Weather Events

• Heavy Rainfall and Flooding: In late 2023 and early 2024, East Africa, including Zanzibar, faced catastrophic rains that led to widespread flooding. These events resulted in significant loss of life, displacement of thousands, and destruction of infrastructure and crops. Scientists have attributed these intensified rains to climate change, which has doubled their likelihood and increased their intensity by 5%.
• Coastal Erosion and Saltwater Intrusion: Rising sea levels and extreme weather are threatening Zanzibar's coastal communities. Areas like Stone Town are experiencing beach erosion and damage to cultural heritage sites. Saltwater intrusion is also affecting freshwater resources and agricultural productivity.
• Marine Economy at Risk: Zanzibar's economy heavily relies on marine resources, including fishing and tourism. However, climate change impacts such as coral reef destruction, declining fish stocks, and saltwater intrusion are jeopardizing these sectors, affecting the livelihoods of local communities.

Government and Community Responses

• Infrastructure Improvements: The government is investing in infrastructure projects like the Jangwani Bridge to mitigate flooding and improve drainage systems in urban areas.
• Climate-Smart Agriculture: Initiatives are being implemented to promote climate-resilient farming practices, including water harvesting, soil conservation, and the use of drought-resistant crops .
• Community Engagement: Community-driven solutions are being emphasized, with local populations actively participating in disaster risk reduction and climate adaptation efforts.

Outlook

The frequency and severity of extreme weather events in Zanzibar are expected to increase due to ongoing climate change. Continued adaptation and resilience-building efforts are crucial to safeguard the island's communities and economy.